All spheres
For more information about the conceptual underpinning of the eLTER SOs and their role in the design and development of the eLTER RI, as well as the process of developing and selecting the SOs, please go to Info Sheet or dive into the Discussion paper on key Standard Observation variables.
Geosphere
Soil inventory (SOGEO_001)
Comprised Variables: soil texture, soil hydraulic conductivity, bulk density, soil pH, CEC, base saturation, organic matter, soil type classification, geological site characterization - on-time measurement
Geosphere
Soil chemical and physical properties (SOGEO_003)
Comprised Variables: total organic C concentration, CEC total nitrogen, total phosphorus, plant available P, pH, soil base saturation, bulk density (per horizon)
Geosphere
Soil water chemistry (SOGEO_167)
Comprised Variables: soil water chemical characteristics
Geosphere
Soil infiltration (SOGEO_048)
Comprised Variables: infiltration rate - soil
Geosphere
Sediment (aquatic/marine) (SOGEO_155)
Comprised Variables: physical and chemical characterization (particle size distribution, composition, pH, carbon, sulfur)
Biosphere
Flying - insects (SOBIO_014)
Comprised Variables: flying insects
Biosphere
Vegetation - composition (SOBIO_017)
Comprised Variables: ground vegetation
Biosphere
Acoustic recording (SOBIO_018)
Comprised Variables: birds, bats, (frogs, insects)
Biosphere
Pollen and spores (SOBIO_019)
Comprised Variables: pollen and spores
Biosphere
eDNA Water (SOBIO_021)
Comprised Variables: eDNA Water
Biosphere
eDNA soil (SOBIO_022)
Comprised Variables: eDNA soil
Biosphere
Surface water - algae (SOBIO_096)
Comprised Variables: clorophyll a (benthic, pelagic), phycocyanin (freshwater), phycoerythrin (saltwater) - standing, running waters
Biosphere
Running water - P/N (SOHYD_172)
Comprised Variables: TP, SRP, TDN, NO3, NO2, NH4
Biosphere
Standing water - Profiles P/N (SOHYD_173)
Comprised Variables: TP, SRP, TDN, NO3, NO2, NH4
Hydrosphere
Standing water - Profiles chemical/physical waters properties (SOHYD_004)
Comprised Variables: lakes, lagoons, reservoirs - water temperature, pH, EC, turbidity, oxygen, water depths
Hydrosphere
Running water - chemical/physical properties (SOHYD_005)
Comprised Variables: water temperature, pH, EC, turbidity, oxygen, NO3, SAC 254, water level
Hydrosphere
Groundwater - chemical/physical properties (SOHYD_006)
Comprised Variables: water temperature, hydraulic head, electrical conductivity
Hydrosphere
Running water - carbon (SOHYD_169)
Comprised Variables: DOC, DIC
Hydrosphere
Standing water - Profiles carbon (SOHYD_170)
Comprised Variables: DOC, DIC
Hydrosphere
Surface water - Major ion concentrations (SOHYD_171)
Comprised Variables: Cl, SO4, Br, Na, K, Mg, Ca, Silica
Hydrosphere
Running water level (SOHYD_010)
Comprised Variables: water level (in order to derive river/stream discharge)
Hydrosphere
Standing water - Ice cover/thickness (SOHYD_011)
Comprised Variables: Ice cover/thickness standing and transitional water
Hydrosphere
Snow (SOHYD_012)
Comprised Variables: snow cover, depth
Hydrosphere
Soil water content/temperature (SOHYD_168)
Comprised Variables: soil water content, soil temperature
Hydrosphere
Surface water - Stable isotopes (SOHYD_058)
Comprised Variables: stable isotopes (18O, 2H) - standing, running waters
Hydrosphere
Groundwater - Stable Isotopes (SOHYD_059)
Comprised Variables: stable Isotopes (18O, 2H) - groundwater
Hydrosphere
Groundwater - Major ion concentrations (SOHYD_062)
Comprised Variables: major ion concentrations: Cl, SO4, Br, Na, K, Mg, Ca - groundwater
Hydrosphere
Groundwater - Nutrients (SOHYD_064)
Comprised Variables: nutrient concentration: TP, SRP, TDN, NO3, NO2, NH4, DOC, DIC - groundwater
Hydrosphere
Running water - micropollutants (SOHYD_067)
Comprised Variables: micropollutants: non-target screening [~1000 substances] - running waters
Hydrosphere
Glacier - front variation (SOHYD_164)
Comprised Variables: glacier front variation
Hydrosphere
Glacier - mass balance (SOHYD_165)
Comprised Variables: glacier mass balance
Hydrosphere
Glacier - area (SOHYD_166)
Comprised Variables: glacier area
Hydrosphere
Secchi-depth (SOHYD_174)
Comprised Variables: secchi-depth; standing waters and transitional waters
Atmosphere
Meteorological data (SOATM_027)
Comprised Variables: relative air humidity, precipitation, air temperature, wind speed/wind direction, surface atmospheric pressure
Atmosphere
Radiation (SOATM_028)
Comprised Variables: PPFD, Global radiation (incoming and reflected), diffuse shortwave radiation, long-wave radiation (incoming and reflected), UV-B
Atmosphere
Soil heat flux (SOATM_098)
Comprised Variables: soil heat flux
Atmosphere
Atmospheric deposition in precipitation (SOATM_103)
Comprised Variables: precipitation: Bulk NH4-N, NO3-N, NO2-N, Ntot, SO4, PO4-P, K, pH, anion, cation, DOC, alkalinity, electrical conductivity
Atmosphere
Dry deposition of N-components (SOATM_108)
Comprised Variables: dry deposition of N-components
Atmosphere
Eddy covariance (SOATM_176)
Comprised Variables: CO2 flux and concentration, Latent heat flux, Sensible heat flux
Atmosphere
Forest - Aboveground biomass (SOBIO_023)
Comprised Variables: annual aboveground vegetation biomass
Atmosphere
Tree growth (SOBIO_177)
Comprised Variables: tree growth
Atmosphere
Non-forest - Aboveground biomass (SOBIO_024)
Comprised Variables: aboveground biomass – non-forested sites
Atmosphere
Gross primary production (SOBIO_090)
Comprised Variables: GPP calculated from Eddy-Covariance measurement
Atmosphere
Transpiration (SOBIO_091)
Comprised Variables: transpiration (Plants)
Atmosphere
Forests - Litterfall (SOBIO_092)
Comprised Variables: aboveground litterfall - forests
Atmosphere
Belowground biomass (SOBIO_093)
Comprised Variables: belowground biomass - terrestrial
Atmosphere
Phenological traits (Remote Sensing) (SOBIO_015)
Comprised Variables: phenological traits (including start, maximum, end of season), LAI
Atmosphere
Phenological traits (on-site) (SOBIO_016)
Comprised Variables: phenological traits (including start, maximum, end of season)
Atmosphere
Forest - LAI (SOBIO_025)
Comprised Variables: leaf area index - forests
Atmosphere
Non-forest - LAI (SOBIO_026)
Comprised Variables: leaf area index – non-forested sites
Atmosphere
Leaf - Elements (SOBIO_095)
Comprised Variables: leaf C, N, K, P, Ca, Mg, Mn content - terrestrial
Atmosphere
Vegetation - LiDAR (SOBIO_140)
Comprised Variables: LiDAR, every 3 (P) or 5 (B) years
Sociosphere
Yield (SOSOC_031)
Comprised Variables: agricultural production (detailed sub-categories for cropland, grassland, forest, fishery, in t/ha and year)
Sociosphere
Land-based income (SOSOC_030)
Comprised Variables: FNVA, FNVA/AWU, FFI, FFI/FWU, Farm worker wages
Sociosphere
Livestock (SOSOC_114)
Comprised Variables: livestock numbers, breeds
Sociosphere
Governance (SOSOC_032)
Comprised Variables: governance structure and character
Sociosphere
Land cover and use (CORINE) (SOSOC_036)
Comprised Variables: land cover, land use, land cover change, land use change (CORINE)
Sociosphere
Land cover and use (Statistics) (SOSOC_037)
Comprised Variables: land cover, land use, land cover change, land use change (Statistics)
Sociosphere
Ecosystem services (SOSOC_040)
Comprised Variables: bundle of variables describing the ecosystem service profile
Sociosphere
Economics - GDP (SOSOC_042)
Comprised Variables: economics (GDP per capita; Per capita income)
Sociosphere
Demography (SOSOC_043)
Comprised Variables: demography (Total population size and density; Population age profile; educational attainment; residential density)
Sociosphere
Employment (SOSOC_044)
Comprised Variables: Employment (Employment rate %; Employment by sector; Unemployment)
Sociosphere
Consumption statistics (SOSOC_045)
Comprised Variables: population consumption statistics
Sociosphere
Resource use (SOSOC_183)
Comprised Variables: DE, IMP, EXP, DPO, BI, DMC, DMI, PTB, NAS: biomass, metal ores, non-metallic minerals, fossil energy carriers (other products, waste, emissions)
Sociosphere
Subsidies (SOSOC_184)
Comprised Variables: CAP payments for direct support, rural development, market measures (€ total, avg. per beneficiary, avg. per ha, nr. of beneficiaries per total agric. holdings)